... welding machine, water sound, magnetostrictive materials, ultrasonic grinder , ultrasonic spray, ultrasonic scaler, reversing radar, ultrasonic ranging, phacoemulsification, ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic motors and so on all use ... CT, the free dielectric constant, mechanical quality factor Qm, electromechanical coupling coefficient Keff , Kp, K31, K33, and piezoelectric devices can draw ...