... 4, are strong oxidants chlorine, there are various types of membrane damage, in particular, reverse osmosis membranes are more sensitive to ... of water is a major calcium (Ca2 +), magnesium (Mg2 +) ion composition, when containing the raw water hardness ions through the ... hardness ions. So as to effectively prevent the reverse osmosis membrane fouling, system can automatically recoil, and so is red. ...