... cellulase, xylanase, a-amylase, proteases and lignindegrading enzymes to release sugars from cellulose, hemicellulose, proteinaceous materials, starch ... of plant remains and other once-living materials to make an earthy, dark, crumbly substance that is excellent for ... of lignocellulosic biomass starts with opening the fiber structure to make the sugar fractions available for metabolic action by ...