Functions:1 pin of changes: next to the AREF pin both I2C-pin (SDA and SCL, just Analog 4 and 5 of the copy, not the additionalI2C interface), plus the two next to the RESET pin, one IOREF allow expansion board voltage onboard, this pinexpansion board just told the onboard voltage (such as UNO 5V, can be seen as the power pins copy, does notprovide the level pull), the other is later Scratch placeholder pin.2 more stable RESET circuit. The RESET key position has changed, has been moved to the corner near the USB interface board, more convenient and press.The 3. ATmega16U2 instead 8U2, and this does not mean that the 16K flash of R3 to make your code run faster, this update is a service of the USB interface chip, theoretically It UNO can simulate USB the HID, such as MIDI / Joystick / Keyboard.